基于权重变分模型的地基IDOAS条带噪声去除

成像差分吸收光谱技术是成像光谱技术和差分吸收光谱技术的结合,能够采集图谱合一的数据立方,并通过光谱反演得到痕量气体浓度的二维分布信息。地基IDOAS仪器通过安装平台的水平旋转实现摆扫成像,可用于识别污染气体的排放源和监测气体的扩散情况。然而和所有的成像光谱技术相类似,地基IDOAS也容易出现条带噪声的问题,会产生相应的伪结构,影响后续的信息提取和数据分析。目前星载和机载IDOAS中常见的条带噪声去除算法有均匀区域校正法、传输模型模拟法、傅里叶变换频域滤波法、多项式拟合法等,应用到地基仪器中均存在不适用的问题。介绍了一种基于权重变分模型的条带噪声去除算法,该算法首先通过分块自适应阈值分割得出表征遮挡区域的权重矩阵,然后利用条带噪声的方向性和稀疏性建立各向异性的变分模型,最后通过交替方向乘子算法迭代求解。为检验去条带算法的可靠性,使用稀疏、稠密、周期、随机、整行、部分、单行、多行等多种模拟噪声进行了性能测试。测试结果证明权重变分算法能够有效去除各种常见的条带噪声,目视效果和四种全参考评价指标均有良好的表现。地基IDOAS于2018年夏季在四川乐山进行了外场实验,实验中仪器的水平扫描范围覆盖360°全方位角,扫描间隔为1°,垂直方向仪器同时采集0°～30°仰角内的光谱。仪器的积分时间设置为500 ms,每组全景扫描的工作时间约为15 min。利用DOAS技术对采集到的太阳散射光谱进行反演,最终得到的NO₂和SO₂气体的二维浓度分布图的像素大小为360×48。从反演结果来看,条带噪声对不同时间和不同气体的观测结果的影响大小均不同。经权重变分算法处理后,多组NO₂和SO₂浓度分布中的条带噪声情况得到极大的改善,并且没有出现过度平滑的情况。结果表明,该算法适用于地基IDOAS数据的条带噪声去除。     

A Multifunctional Magnetic Composite Material as a Drug Delivery System and a Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent

Magnetic iron oxide coated in hydrogenation silica (Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂) is constructed as both a tumor drug carrier and a magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent. Colchicine (COLC) is loaded in Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ with the highest amount of 28.3 wt% at pH 9. The release performance of COLC can be controlled by pH, as the porous HSiO₂ shell can partially shed at pH below 3.0 to facilitate the release of COLC. MR imaging (MRI) tests prove that Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ at pH 3.0 (H⁺‐Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂) shows a stronger MR contrast enhancement than Fe₃O₄. Cytotoxicity experiment indicates that Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ has excellent biocompatibility and magnetic targeting performance. Additionally, COLC‐loaded Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂ (Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂–COLC) displays a higher inhibition effect on tumor cells under a magnetic field than free COLC. The visibility upon MRI, high targeting, and pH‐controlled release characteristics of Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂–COLC are favorable to achieve the aim of reducing side effects to normal tissues, making Fe₃O₄@HSiO₂–COLC an attractive drug delivery system for nanomedicine.     

Orientation relationship between α-Fe precipitate and α-Al2O3 matrix in iron-implanted sapphire

Fe ions were implanted into α-Al₂O₃ single crystals (sapphire) at room temperature and annealed in a reducing atmosphere. The orientation relationships (ORs) between α-Fe particles and sapphire matrix were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All the α-Fe particles have the orientation relationship (OR) of (1 1 1)_α-Fe || (0 0 0 1)_sapphire and ${[1\overline{1}0]}_{\alpha \text{-Fe}}\left|\right|{[11\overline{2}0]}_{\text{sapphire}}$ with sapphire. This OR is predicted precisely by the coincidence of reciprocal lattice points (CRLP) method. The other OR of (1 1 0)_α-Fe || (0 0 0 1)_sapphire and ${[111]}_{\alpha \text{-Fe}}\left|\right|{[5\overline{1}\overline{4}0]}_{\text{sapphire}}$ reported before is confirmed by the same method to be one of the secondary preferred orientation relationships in the α-Fe/sapphire system.     

近红外光谱法直接检测甜叶菊叶片甜菊糖苷模型建立

使用近红外光谱技术直接扫描甜叶菊干叶片,建立了甜菊苷(stevioside,ST)和莱鲍迪苷A(rebaudioside A,RA)的检测模型。对甜菊苷含量在0.27%~1.40%,莱鲍迪苷A含量在0.61%~3.98%范围内的不同品种的甜叶菊干叶片进行了近红外光谱扫描,共扫描了105份。采用偏最小二乘法建立甜菊糖苷的检测模型,比较了减去一条直线、多元散射校正、一阶导数和二阶导数等不同的光谱预处理方法对模型的影响。结果显示减去一条直线的数据预处理方法为ST的最优建模方法。ST校正集相关系数为0.986,校正均方根误差为0.341,预测均方根误差为1.00,相对分析误差为2.8;RA采用无光谱预处理建模,RA的建模结果相关系数为0.967,校正均方根误差为1.50,预测均方根误差为1.98,相对分析误差为4.17。说明近红外光谱技术检测甜叶菊干叶片中ST和RA的含量具有一定的可行性。同时与甜叶菊粉末ST模型结果相关系数为0.986,校正均方根误差为0.32,预测均方根误差为0.601,相对分析误差为2.86和RA模型结果相关系数为0.968,校正均方根误差为1.50,预测均方根误差为1.48,相对分析误差为4.2相比差异不明显。但减少了叶片粉末检测过程中的烘干、研磨的步骤,节省了时间,降低了工作量。     

Molecular mechanism leading to memory effect of mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene

In this study, memory effect of mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated using polarized optical microscope and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Differing from classical memory effect, mesomorphic iPP melt had a higher growth rate and a higher memory temperature. The relative growth rate increased with increasing crystallization temperature. Lauritzen–Hoffman plots indicated that the increased growth rate arose from reduced surface nucleation barrier. The highest memory temperature was estimated to be 185 °C, which was close to the equilibrium melting point of iPP crystal. Additionally, Small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements showed that a liquid crystal layer might exist between lamellar and amorphous layers. Based on above results, a crystallization model was proposed. In the mesomorphic iPP melt, there exist aggregates structurally similar to β phase except α‐phase crystal residuals, which cannot act as nucleation sites or transform to β crystal through surface nucleation. The only way for the aggregate is to transform to α crystal during crystal growth. The aggregate decreases the surface nucleation barrier and promotes the helical growth, leading to higher growth rate. Only when the aggregate relaxes to polymer coils through thickening at a higher temperature, can the memory effect be erased. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 1573–1580     

SC-200质子加速器输运部磁体电源的输出纹波形成机理分析及其Simplorer仿真

介绍了质子治疗加速器输运部二极磁铁电流源的技术要求、主电路拓扑。该电源要求输出电流精度为25ppm，纹波小于25ppm。电源输出电流纹波由低频纹波和高频纹波组成。对电源输出电流纹波的形成机理进行了详细的理论分析和数学计算。得出了基于冲量控制原理的脉冲宽度调制(PWM)电流跟踪控制技术可以有效消除输入低频纹波对输出电流的影响。同时也对输出电流高频纹波采用两种方法进行了定量的数学分析，并得出量化的结论和计算公式。借助AnsoftSimplorer电路仿真软件构建模型，验证了纹波规律结论及计算公式的准确性，并且提出了相应的纹波抑制策略。     

Enhancing the formation of tetragonal phase in perovskite nanocrystals using an ultrasound assisted wet chemical method

Synthesis of highly-pure tetragonal perovskite nanocrystals is the key challenge facing the development of new electronic devices. Our results have indicated that ultrasonication is able in enhancing the formation of tetragonal phase in perovskite nanocrystals. In the current research, multicationic oxide perovskite (ATiO₃; A: Ba, Sr, Ba_0.6Sr_0.4) nanopowders are synthesized successfully by a general methodology without a calcination step. The method is able to synthesize high-purity nanoscale ATiO₃ (BaTiO₃, SrTiO₃, Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃) with tetragonal symmetry at a lower temperature and in a shorter time span in contrast to the literature. To reach an in-depth understanding of the scientific basis of the proposed methodology, in-detail analysis was carried out via XRD, FTIR, FT-Raman, FE-SEM and HR-TEM. The effects of the sonication time and sonication (bath) temperature on the tetragonality of nanoscale products were examined. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy provides clear evidence for local tetragonal symmetries, in particular when a band is observed at 310 cm⁻¹.     

梯型多孔g-C3N4/Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA复合材料的合成及其高效稳定光催化产氢性能（英文）

近年来,化石燃料燃烧导致的环境污染问题和能源危机越来越严重.在众多解决方案中,光催化产氢由于其可持续性以及无污染等特点而受到广泛关注.然而,由于许多半导体光催化剂性能不理想,光催化水分解研究进程缓慢.本研究采用水热法成功制备了梯型Pg-C3N4/Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA复合材料用于光催化产氢.DETA(二亚乙基三胺)作为一种有机分子插入在Zn0.2Cd0.8S的层中构成有机-无机杂化材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis)以及光电流研究了所制备样品的结构、形貌、元素组成以及光电特征,并提出了可能的光催化机制.XRD和XPS结果表明Pg-C3N4和Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA复合在一起而不是机械混合.通过TEM可以看出Pg-C3N4是一种带有很多孔洞的纳米片,而Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA类似于纳米花瓣,在Pg-C3N4/Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA复合材料中Pg-C3N4表面充满了Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA纳米花瓣.经过元素分析得知所合成的复合材料没有杂质元素.UV-vis表明Pg-C3N4和Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA具有良好的吸收带边以及带隙,分别为2.83 eV和2.48 eV.光电流和PL显示15%Pg-C3N4/Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA具有很高的载流子分离及传输效率.光催化性能测试显示15%Pg-C3N4/Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA具有很好的产氢活性,为6.69 mmol g^-1 h^-1,分别是Pg-C3N4和Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA的16.73和1.44倍.在经过七次循环实验后15%Pg-C3N4/Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA仍保持很优异的活性,说明它具有很好的稳定性.通过高分辨XPS中各元素结合能的变化可以看出构成异质结之后电子的流向,从而看出光催化可能的机制为梯形.光照射之后,Pg-C3N4和Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA中产生电子-空穴对,电子迁移到导带并在价带留下空穴.当Pg-C3N4与Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA复合之后,在它们的接触处会形成内部电场,Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA导带上的电子和Pg-C3N4价带上的空穴会在内部电场作用下复合.Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA价带上的空穴和Pg-C3N4上的电子分别参与氧化还原反应.梯形机制促使电子和空穴在空间上分离,从而具有强氧化还原性.梯形异质结的形成加快了15%Pg-C3N4/Zn0.2Cd0.8S-DETA复合材料中电子-空穴对的分离效率,并减少了电子-空穴对的复合,从而使其具有很优异的光催化性能和稳定性.     

Constructing subtle grain boundaries on Au sheets for enhanced CO2 photoreduction

Science China Chemistry - Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into value-added products is a promising strategy for mitigating environmental and energy problems simultaneously. Herein, we developed Au...